Montane forest and summit
Cloud forest, casuarina and alpine scrub on the upper slopes of Rinjani, and the caldera lake of Segara Anak.
Savanna
Grasslands on the dry eastern slopes above Sembalun, shaped by fire and grazing.
Lowland and hill forest
Tropical forest on the northern and southern slopes, the source of the island's springs and waterfalls.
Farmland and gardens
Rice terraces, agroforestry and mixed gardens: a working landscape that still supports wildlife.
Coasts and mangroves
Black volcanic beaches in the west, mangroves and estuaries that shelter fish and protect the shore.
Coral reefs and small islands
The reefs and seagrass of the Gili islands and the coasts of Lombok.
Connected by water
Rain falls on the forests of Rinjani, soaks into volcanic rock and emerges as springs on the lower slopes. Those springs feed the rivers and irrigation systems of central Lombok, and the rivers carry sediment and nutrients to the coast. What happens on the mountain reaches the reef. This is why the Biosphere Reserve works from ridge to reef.